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Abstract The impulse response of a linear convective-diffusion analogy (LD) model used for flow routing in open channels is proposed as a probability distribution for flood frequency analysis. The flood frequency model has two parameters, which are derived using the methods of moments and maximum likelihood. Also derived are errors in quantiles for these parameter estimation methods. The distribution shows that the two methods are equivalent in terms of producing mean values—the important property in case of unknown true distribution function. The flood frequency model is tested using annual peak discharges for the gauging sections of 39 Polish rivers where the average value of the ratio of the coefficient of skewness to the coefficient of variation equals about 2.52, a value closer to the ratio of the LD model than to the gamma or the lognormal model. The likelihood ratio indicates the preference of the LD over the lognormal for 27 out of 39 cases. It is found that the proposed flood frequency model represents flood frequency characteristics well (measured by the moment ratio) when the LD flood routing model is likely to be the best of all linear flow routing models. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Many basins in nature diverge or possess diverging elements. This study formulates a diverging flow model utilizing kinematic wave theory. The kinematic equations are solved using a first order explicit finite difference scheme. The model is tested using data on a number of laboratory basins reported in the literature. A comparison of this model with the plane model shows that they yield different concentration times and hydrographs that differ in shape, depending upon the degree of divergence. 相似文献
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The method of field differences using two parallel bipole sources is described. The system possesses much greater resolving power and investigating depth than the conventional Schlumberger configuration. Of the two variations, the longitudinal field difference has about two and half times greater depth of investigation than the transverse one. Practical advantage of the present technique over the Schlumberger system in reducing the ambiguity in interpretation due to equivalent layered structures is demonstrated on a theoretical example. 相似文献
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Vijay P. SINGH 《国际泥沙研究》2003,18(3)
Hydraulic geometry is of fundamental importance in planning, design, and management of river engineering and training works. Although some concepts of hydraulic geometry were proposed toward the end of the nineteenth century, the real impetus toward formulating a theory of hydraulic geometry was provided by the work of Leopold and Maddock (1953). A number of theories have since been proposed. Some of the theories are interrelated but others are based on quite different principles. All theories, however, assume that the river flow is steady and uniform and the river tends to attain a state of equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium. The differences are due to the differences in hydraulic mechanisms that the theories employ to explain the attainment of equilibrium by the river. 相似文献
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Yamuna SINGH 《地质学报》2004,78(4):575-576
印度南部安得拉邦 Karim nagar地区 Dharmawaram的中、粗粒斑状花岗岩是一种黑云角闪花岗岩 ,含有大量的富稀有金属 ( Zr、Hf、Th)和稀土元素 (包括 Y)的矿物 ,如锆石、钍石、褐帘石、独居石、磷钇矿。从化学成分看 ,它是偏铝质 (平均 A/C N K=0 .95 )钾质 (平均K2 O 5 % )花岗岩 ,具明显的亚碱性特征。与正常的未分异花岗岩相比 ,其稀有元素 ( Zr、Hf、U、Th)和稀土元素的含量高达 8倍 ,因而 ,这些元素的含量甚丰。钾质花岗岩的野外、岩石学、地球化学和同位素资料表明 ,在其形成过程中有富硅变质沉积 -基性地壳岩 (角闪石英岩、角… 相似文献
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